Consultations fréquentes dans les services d’urgence pour des problèmes de santé mentale et de toxicomanie : le point de vue des prestataires de soins de santé
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.29173/cjen233Mots-clés :
Service des urgences, santé mentale et toxicomanie, visites fréquentes, prestataires de soins de santéRésumé
Contexte : L’augmentation du taux de consultation des services d’urgence pour des problèmes de santé mentale et de toxicomanie (SMT) a été identifiée comme étant un facteur contribuant à la crise des services d’urgence (SU) et à l’augmentation des coûts des soins de santé. Bien que les recherches antérieures se soient largement intéressées au point de vue des patients, peu d’attention a été accordée au point de vue des prestataires de soins de santé (PSS). Cette recherche examine plus particulièrement les perceptions des prestataires de soins sur les raisons pour lesquelles les patients souffrant de problèmes SMT se présentent fréquemment aux urgences.
Méthodes : Cette étude qualitative s’est appuyée sur des entretiens individuels semi-structurés pour la collecte des données. Une approche d’analyse thématique a été adoptée pour l’analyse des données.
Résultats : Six PSS provenant de différentes spécialités ont participé à cette étude qualitative. Il ressort de l’analyse des données quatre thèmes principaux : (a) les déterminants sociaux de la santé mentale (crise du logement et problèmes financiers) ; (b) les obstacles structurels (surstimulation et absence de priorité dans les services d’urgence, lacunes dans les connaissances et la formation des PSS, faible nombre d’établissements de gestion du sevrage, stigmatisation par les PSS, pénurie de PSS) ; (c) des propositions de prévention (plus de financement/ressources et éducation de la petite enfance) et (d) la réaction des PSS au travail avec les patients (avoir un impact et valorisant).
Conclusions : Selon l’étude, les PSS estiment que le statut socio-économique faible et la disponibilité limitée des services et des ressources communautaires en matière de santé mentale sont des facteurs clés qui contribuent à la fréquence des visites aux urgences liées aux problèmes de SMT. Afin de mieux comprendre les besoins complexes des personnes souffrant de SMT, tous les niveaux de gouvernement, les organismes communautaires et les PSS, tout particulièrement le personnel infirmier, devraient collaborer à l’élaboration et à la mise en œuvre d’interventions efficaces visant à réduire les visites fréquentes aux urgences ou les réadmissions liées à des problèmes de SMT.
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